Pulmonary Edema – Fluid in Lungs Disease

Pulmonary edema (Fluid Inside Lungs)

Pulmonary edema is a condition where fluid builds up in the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, making it hard to breathe for the patient. It prevents oxygen from entering the bloodstream effectively and can range from mild to life-threatening.

Causes of Pulmonary Edema

The most common cause is Cardiogenic (Heart-related) which includes:

Left-sided heart failure
Heart attack (MI)
Severe hypertension
Heart valve diseases (mitral or aortic)

Non-cardiogenic

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Kidney failure
High altitude (High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema – HAPE)
Inhalation of toxic substances (smoke, chemicals)
Near drowning
Sepsis
Overhydration (excess IV fluids)

Symptoms of Pulmonary Edema

Severe shortness of breath (worsens when lying down)
Rapid, shallow breathing
Cough with frothy sputum (may be pink)
Chest tightness or pain
Fatigue or confusion
Bluish lips or skin (cyanosis)
Sweating and restlessness

Diagnosis

Physical exam – For crackling sounds in lungs
Chest X-ray – It shows fluid in lungs
ECG & Echocardiogram – Helps to check for heart issues
Blood tests – For BNP, kidney function
Pulse oximetry / ABG – It assess oxygen levels

Treatment

Immediate Support:

Oxygen therapy
Non-invasive ventilation (e.g., CPAP, BiPAP)

Medications:

Diuretics (e.g., furosemide) – to remove fluid
Nitrates – to reduce pressure on the heart
Morphine (in select cases) – for anxiety & breathing relief
Blood pressure control – if high

Treat Underlying Cause:

Heart failure, kidney disease, infection, etc.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is pulmonary edema life-threatening?

Yes, especially if it’s acute. It can lead to respiratory failure if not treated quickly.

2. Is pulmonary edema the same as pneumonia?

No, Pneumonia is caused by infection, while pulmonary edema is due to fluid buildup, usually from heart or kidney problems.

3. Can pulmonary edema come back?

Yes, especially if the underlying condition (like heart failure) is not well controlled.

4. Can it be cured?

If caused by a temporary issue, yes. Chronic cases need long-term management of the underlying disease (e.g., heart failure).