Pulmonary Embolism Treatment in Delhi

Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary Embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, usually caused by a blood clot that travels from the legs. It can be life threatening if not treated quickly.

Causes of Pulmonary Embolism

The most common cause of PE is deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Prolonged immobilization
Trauma or fractures
Pregnancy and postpartum period
Hormonal therapy
Obesity
Cancer
Smoking

Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism

Sudden shortness of breath
Pain in chest (sharp, worse and deep breaths)
Rapid heart rate
Lightheadedness or fainting
Anxiety or a sense of doom
Low oxygen levels
Swelling or pain in the legs

Diagnosis

Clinical Evaluation

History and physical exam
Wells score (clinical prediction tool for PE risk)

Tests

D-dimer test – Elevated in blood clots
CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA) – Gold standard imaging
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan – Alternative to CTPA
Doppler ultrasound of legs to detect DVT
ECG – may show signs of right heart strain (not specific)
Chest X –ray – It’s often normal, and helps to rule out other causes.

Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism

Anticoagulation (blood thinners)

Heparin (IV or subcutaneous)
Warfarin, Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, or Dabigatran
Prevents further clot formation

Thrombolytics (clot-busting drugs)

Alteplase (tPA) – for massive PE with hemodynamic instability

Mechanical interventions:

Catheter-directed thrombolysis
Surgical embolectomy (rare, for massive PE)

IVC Filter:

Placed in inferior vena cava if anticoagulation is not possible

Supportive Care:

Oxygen therapy
Pain management
Monitoring in ICU for unstable patients

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can pulmonary embolism be fatal?

Yes, PE can be life threatening, especially if large or untreated. Quick diagnosis and treatment are critical.

2. How fast PE develop?

PE can occur suddenly, often within seconds to minutes after a clot travels to the lungs.

3. Can I prevent PE?

Yes, you can prevent PE by staying active, using compression stockings, taking blood thinners post – surgery if advised, and by staying hydrated during travel.

4. How long will I need to take the blood thinners?

Usually for 3-6 months, but longer if you have recurrent PE, genetic clotting disorders, or unprovoked PE.