Best Lungs Specialist in Delhi for Type 2 Respiratory Failure

Type 2 Respiratory Failure (Hypercapnic / CO₂ Narcosis)

It is a condition where there is a high level of carbon dioxide in the blood (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) along with low oxygen levels (PaO2 < 60 mmHg). It results from alveolar hypoventilation, where the lungs fail to adequately remove CO2 often due to reduced respiratory drive or muscle fatigue.

Causes

COPD (most common)
Severe asthma
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Neuromuscular diseases (e.g., ALS, Guillain-Barre)
Chest wall deformities
Drug overdose (respiratory depressants like opioids)

Symptoms

Headache
Drowsiness or confusion (CO₂ narcosis)
Flushed skin
Slow or shallow breathing
Tremors Altered mental status or coma (in severe cases)

Diagnosis

ABG – For high PaCO₂, low PaO₂, low pH (respiratory acidosis)
Chest X-ray / Lung function tests – Underlying cause
Pulse oximetry – Low O₂ may not reflect CO₂ levels

Treatment

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV, like BiPAP)
Careful oxygen therapy (to avoid suppressing respiratory drive)
Bronchodilators / steroids (in COPD or asthma)
Treat cause (e.g., reverse opioid overdose with naloxone)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the main problem in TYPE 2 respiratory failure?

The main issue is the high level of carbon dioxide in the blood, along with the low oxygen levels. It’s usually due to reduced ventilation.

2. What is CO2 narcosis?

It refers to confusion, drowsiness, or unconsciousness caused by excessive carbon dioxide in the blood affecting the brain.

3. Is giving oxygen risky in Type 2 respiratory failure?

Yes, excess oxygen can worsen CO2 retention in COPD patients. Oxygen must be given carefully and in controlled doses with close monitoring.

4. Can patients recover from Type 2 respiratory failure?

Yes, especially if the cause is promptly treated and non – invasive ventilation is used effectively. However, chronic cases may need long – term breathing support.